Regular monitoring and maintenance are crucial for effective database validation. Database validation is not a one-time process but an ongoing effort to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the database. Monitoring the database involves regularly checking for errors, inconsistencies, and security risks. This can be done through automated monitoring tools that generate alerts or notifications when issues are detected. It can also involve manual checks and reviews by database administrators or data analysts. Maintenance activities include data cleansing, data updates, and system optimization.